Glossary

A valid block not included in the longest blockchain because another block was found at the same height simultaneously.

An increase in cryptocurrency adoption and usage driven by genuine utility rather than marketing.

A real-time list of buy and sell orders for a cryptocurrency on an exchange, organized by price level.

The fundamental challenge of bringing reliable off-chain data onto a blockchain without introducing trust assumptions.

An exploit targeting the data feed of a blockchain oracle to manipulate DeFi protocol prices.

A service that provides external real-world data to smart contracts on a blockchain.

A financial derivative giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a cryptocurrency at a specified price.

A Layer 2 scaling technology that assumes transactions are valid by default and only checks them if challenged.

A Layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum that uses optimistic rollups to batch transactions and reduce fees.

Software with publicly available source code that anyone can inspect, modify, or distribute.