Consensus Mechanism (UPOS) – Hawk_HKC
The Hawk Network blockchain will adopt a unique consensus algorithm, namely Byzantine Fault Tolerance — User Proof of Stake — UPOS (with Byzantine Fault Tolerant User Benefit Certificate), The UPOS consensus mechanism is a decentralized consensus algorithm that meets the performance requirements of the sharing economy 2.0 ecosystem and maximizes user rights. The core principle of this algorithm is that all users who hold HAWK tokens or have legitimate transactions in Hawk Network Dapp (such as U-Bicycle riding) have Hawk Network blockchain supernodes on the Hawk Network blockchain. The voting rights, users will continue to generate block producers by voting.
1 Block production and fork processing
The Hawk Network blockchain system will be designed to produce one block every 0.5 seconds, and at a certain point in time, only one block producer (node) will be authorized to produce the block. If it is not generated within the predetermined time, the block is skipped. When one or more blocks are skipped, the blockchain will have an interval of 0.5 seconds or more, which is an infrequent event and does not affect the production process of the entire blockchain.
When the Hawk Network performs blockchain production, it produces 126 out of blocks as around (a total of 21 nodes, each of which produces 6 blocks). Before the start of each round, 21 different block producers were selected based on the results of the Hawk Network User vote. The production order of the selected producers is arranged in the order agreed by the producers of 15 or more (the process is automatically completed by the program).
If a producer misses a block for various reasons (such as network latency, system bugs, etc.) and has not produced any blocks in the past 24 hours, it will be temporarily kicked out of the block production queue until the producer The Hawk Network blockchain informs that it intends to reproduce the block. By eliminating unstable and unreliable production nodes, the number of missing blocks is minimized, ensuring safe and efficient network operation.
To some extent, there is no bifurcation in the UPOS blockchain, because in the production process of the Hawk Network blockchain, producers are peer-to-peer cooperative rather than competitive. If a fork occurs, the consensus program will automatically switch to the longest chain. The working principle is that under the UPOS consensus mechanism, the new block addition speed of the forked chain is positively correlated with the number of producers in the chain. That is to say, the blockchain fork with more producers will grow much faster than the producers because the producers will have fewer blocks in the forked chain. In addition, any block producer is not allowed to produce blocks on both forks at the same time, and if the system finds that the block producer does so, it will be automatically cleared. The digital cryptographic signature and timestamp of each block by the block producer will be used for system troubleshooting.
By requiring all producers to sign all blocks, the Byzantine fault tolerance mechanism is added to the UPOS as long as no producers sign two blocks with the same timestamp or the same block height. Once 15 producers have signed a block, the block is considered irreversible. If a Byzantine producer signs two blocks of the same timestamp or the same block height, the system generates cryptographic evidence of its infidelity. In this model, an irreversible consensus should be reached within 1 second.
Website: hawk.cool
Twitter: twitter.com/Hawkchain
Telegram: t.me/HawkGlobalGroup
Published at Wed, 07 Aug 2019 23:02:22 +0000
Bitcoin Pic Of The Moment
By G A R N E T on 2012-01-30 10:25:54
